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1)
Amd Heat sink Installation guide(pdf)
2i) What
is a Virus ?
A computer
virus is a
type of computer program that is designed to hide in the background and
replicate itself from one computer to another by attaching itself to existing
programs or parts of the operating system
2ii)What
is a Firewall ?
A personal
firewall
(sometimes called a desktop firewall) is a software application used to protect
a single Internet-connected computer from intruders. Personal firewall
protection is especially useful for users with "always-on" connections such
as DSL or cable modem. Such connections use a static IP address that makes
them especially vulnerable to potential hackers.
2iii) What is Spyware?
In general,
Spyware is any technology that aids in gathering information about a person
or organization without their knowledge. On the Internet, Spyware is
programming that is put in someone's computer to secretly gather information
about the user and relay it to advertisers or other interested parties.
2iv) What is Adware?
Adware is
any software application in which advertising banners are displayed while the
program is running. The authors of these applications include additional code
that delivers the ads, which can be viewed through pop-up windows or through a
bar that appears on a computer screen.
Also, get many free Ad and
Spyware removal tools
at the following site in the hyperlink .
3i) What is Overclocking
?
Overclocking is the act of running a computer component (CPU, Graphics Card,
Memory) at higher clock speed than designated by the manufacturer .
3ii)
What is the risk of Overclocking?
• Overclocking
will void the warranty of your equipment.
• The lifespan of the CPU and other devices will be shortened.
• You could potentially destroy your CPU, memory, motherboard, and other
expensive items.
• Room temperature is likely to increase.
• Your system could become unstable
4)
How can a processor run faster than it's supposed to?
The most common way to Overclock a processor is by simply raising the Front
Side Bus (FSB) from within the BIOS. The process is the same with both AMD and
Intel CPUs. Simply enter the BIOS on system startup, find the setting for the
FSB and increase that value. – If you are unsure where this option is in the
BIOS, take a look at your motherboard manual, as it should have that information
for you.
5)
What is FSB?
FSB is also known as the Memory BUS or System BUS and connects the CPU with the
main memory and is used to connect to other components within the computer. The
FSB can range from speeds of 66MHz, 100MHz, 133MHz, 266 MHz, 400MHz, 533MHz and
beyond.
6) How does FSB determine
CPU speed?
CPU speed is determined by the following formula:
FSB x Multiplier = CPU Speed
For example, if you had a
FSB setting of 133MHz and a 10x Multiplier, your CPU speed would be 1330MHz or
1.33GHz.
7) Can the Multiplier be
changed?
This answer is two fold:
Intel Processors:
Older Intel Processors (P2? and earlier) the multiplier could be changed in the
same way that the FSB can be. Allowing you to Overclock
by increasing one or both values. This caused a problem, as many resellers
started Overclocking the CPUs and selling slower CPUs as if they were faster.
Because of this Intel locked the multiplier inside the CPU and it cannot be
changed.
AMD Processors:
AMD CPUs come from the factory with the Multiplier locked, however unlike Intel
CPUs, an AMD can be unlocked. This was done by AMD for those people like us, who
want to Overclock.
8) How is the Multiplier
unlocked on an AMD?
AMD Duron and Thunderbird CPUs can be unlocked via a method that has been
titled, “The Pencil Trick.” Mainly because, all it requires is a standard
pencil.
9) Can the CPU be
Overclocked without going into the BIOS? -or-
The BIOS has no FSB setting, can the
CPU still be Overclocked?
In most situations, the CPU can still be Overclocked. There are several programs
available that allow you to OC without having to enter the BIOS. These programs
may not work on all motherboards, and this guide does not go into detail of how
to use them. One of the most popular Overclocking programs is CPUFSB.
10) How can a system be
stabilized after Overclocking it?
If the system becomes unstable after increasing the FSB and/or Multiplier, there
are two options:
1. Lower the FSB/Multiplier slightly till it becomes stable
2. Increase the Core Voltage (aka vCore) of the CPU
Increasing the vCore of a
CPU may help stabilize the system by providing the CPU with an extra boost of
current. This increase to the vCore has one nasty side affect: increased heat.
The increase of heat is explained as Joule’s Law.
11) How does Cooling play
into Overclocking?
Like all Integrated Chips (ICs) and electronic devices, the CPU will perform
better and last longer when it stays cool. When you Overclock a CPU it creates
more heat than it would under normal conditions. A cool CPU is a happy CPU. This
also applies to other devices in your computer: Video card, RAM, sound card, and
other devices.
12) What is a safe
Temperature for a CPU?
AMD and Intel both have maximum temperature ratings for their CPUs listed around
80C. If your CPU gets this hot, you’ve got some serious problems. Most people
try and keep the CPU temperature below 40C at idle and below 55C at load.
13) How can
Temperature be lowered more? – “Super cooling”
If standard air cooling isn’t getting the job done, or has become too loud for
you. There are a few more options that can help cool a hot CPU. Those these
methods tend to be a bit more expensive than a regular heat sink/fan.
• Water
cooling
• Peltier/TEC cooling
• Vapour Cooling
• Liquid Nitrogen Cooling
In addition to the “Super
Cooling” methods listed above, a few things can be done to help lower the temp
of your system a few degrees.
• The use of
rounded cables, or cable ties to allow air to move easier through the case
• Additional or larger case fans to bring in cooler air, and exhaust the
hot air from your case.
• Removing the side panels of the case
• Using an Aluminium case instead of a thick steal case
• Lowering
the room temperature will also help
15)
Can memory (SDRAM/DDR) be
Overclocked?
Yes. As when Overclocking the CPU, enter the BIOS and look for the memory
settings - if you cannot find it, take a look at your motherboard’s User Manual.
Look for the options CAS Latency and Timing. These Options need to be lowered in
order to Overclock the memory. CAS 2 Timing 1 will run faster than CAS 2.5
Timing 2.
16) What is CAS?
"CAS" is short for "Column Address Strobe". A DRAM memory can be thought of as a
matrix, kind of like a spreadsheet with memory cells instead of numbers and
formulas. Like the spreadsheet, each cell has a row address and a column address
(like "AA57" or "R23C34" in the spreadsheet). As you might have guessed, there
is also a RAS signal, which is shorthand for "Row Address Strobe".
17) What is Latency?
Latency refers to the time that you are waiting to get what you need. Merriam-
Webster dictionary defines it as "the interval between stimulus and response".
18) How does CAS work?
To understand this let's walk through a simplified version of how the memory
controller actually reads the memory. First, the chip set accesses the ROW of
the memory matrix by putting an address on the memory's address pins and
activating the RAS signal. Then, we have to wait a few clock cycles (known as
RAS-to-CAS Delay). Then, the column address is put on the address pins, and the
CAS signal is activated, to access the correct COLUMN of the memory matrix.
Then, we wait a few clock cycles -- THIS IS KNOWN AS CAS LATENCY! -- and then
the data appears on the pins of the RAM.
19) Can a Video Card be
Overclocked?
Yes, ATi and nVidia cards can all be easily Overclocked.
ATi Graphic Cards:
Require the use of a program to Overclock the graphic card. The most popular
programs are Raid-on Tweaker and Powerstrip
nVidia Graphic Cards:
Require the latest drivers for the GeForce 3 or 4 and a registry tweak. After
the registry tweak, an option will become available in the display properties
that allows the GeForce to be Overclocked.
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